Firefighting "Four Understandings" and "Four Abilities" and Four Capabilities Construction

       Four Understandings

I. Understand the fire hazards of this position

1. Prevent electric shock;

2. Prevent causing fires;

3. Combustible, flammable materials, and fire sources.

II. Understand fire prevention measures

1. Strengthen the management of combustible materials;

2. Manage and control various fire sources;

3. Strengthen the management of electrical equipment and its lines;

4. Flammable and explosive places should have sufficient and applicable fire-fighting facilities, and should be regularly inspected to ensure that they are usable and effective.

III. Understand fire extinguishing methods

1. Cooling fire extinguishing method;

2. Isolation fire extinguishing method;

3. Suffocation fire extinguishing method;

4. Inhibition fire extinguishing method.

IV. Understand escape methods

1. When self-rescuing and escaping, you should be familiar with the surrounding environment and quickly evacuate the fire scene;

2. During emergency evacuation, ensure that the passages are not blocked and that the escape routes are unobstructed;

3. During emergency evacuation, follow instructions and ensure orderly and rapid evacuation;

4. In case of an accident, shout loudly to others, do not delay, so that you can be rescued in time, and do not be greedy for property;

5. Learn self-protection, try to keep a low posture and crawl forward, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel;

6. Stay calm, use what is available, make ropes from curtains and sheets, and escape safely;

7. When escaping, go straight to the passage, do not enter the elevator, to prevent being trapped in the elevator;

8. When smoke and fire block the escape route, close the doors and windows, and use a wet towel to block the gaps in the doors and windows to prevent smoke from entering the room;

9. When clothes catch fire, do not panic and run around, roll on the ground to put out the flames;

10. When there is no way to escape, call for help immediately to quickly escape the predicament.

     Four Abilities

I. Know how to report an alarm

1. Shout loudly to report an alarm, use manual alarm devices to report an alarm;

2. Such as using a dedicated telephone, manual alarm push-button, fire hydrant button breaking, etc.;

3. Dial the 119 fire alarm number to report to the local public security fire department.

II. Know how to use fire-fighting equipment

The operation methods of various hand-held fire extinguishers are briefly referred to as:

1. Pull - Pull out the safety pin,

2. Hold - Hold the nozzle,

3. Press - Press the handle,

4. Aim - Aim at the base of the flame.

III. Know how to extinguish initial fires

When extinguishing initial fires, the following principles must be followed: control first, then extinguish, rescue people first, and prioritize key areas over general areas.

IV. Know how to organize personnel evacuation

1. Organize personnel evacuation according to the evacuation plan;

2. Appropriately report the situation to prevent chaos;

3. Implement group guidance

        Four Firefighting Capabilities

The "Four Capabilities" are proposed by the Ministry of Public Security to build a "firewall" project for social fire safety, namely:

Improve the ability of social units to inspect and eliminate fire hazards;

Improve the ability of social units to organize the suppression of initial fires;

Improve the ability of social units to organize personnel evacuation;

Improve the ability of social units in fire safety publicity, education, and training.

Four Capabilities Construction Standards

1. Ability to inspect and eliminate fire hazards

Units should establish fire inspection and patrol teams

Unit fire safety officers and fire safety managers should organize at least one fire inspection per month

Units implement daily fire patrols and establish patrol records

Department heads conduct fire prevention record checks at least once a week

Employees conduct fire prevention checks at their workstations before and after each shift

Adhere to the "Ten Checks and Ten Prohibitions"

1. Check facilities and equipment; prohibit damage and misappropriation

2. Check passageways and exits; prohibit closure and obstruction

3. Check lighting and signs; prohibit obstruction and damage

4. Check decoration and renovation; prohibit flammable and combustible materials

5. Check electrical wiring; prohibit unauthorized wiring

6. Check electrical equipment; prohibit illegal use

7. Check smoking and fire; prohibit unauthorized use of open flames

8. Check personnel in the area; prohibit exceeding capacity and leaving posts

9. Check storage of items; prohibit illegal storage

10. Check personnel accommodation; prohibit three-in-one

2. Initial Fire Fighting Capability

The unit should establish two teams (the first fire fighting force and the second fire fighting force)

After discovering a fire, employees at the fire site form the first fire fighting force within 1 minute

Master the "Three" Principles:

Employees close to the fire site use fire extinguishers and indoor fire hydrants to extinguish the fire

Employees close to the telephone or fire alarm point are responsible for reporting the fire

Employees close to the safety passage or exit are responsible for guiding personnel evacuation

After confirming the fire, the unit forms the second fire fighting force within 3 minutes

Communication Liaison Group—Notify employees to rush to the fire scene, report to the fire department, and ensure fire scene communication

Fire Fighting Action Group—Use the unit's fire equipment to extinguish the fire

Evacuation Guidance Group—Organize and guide personnel at the scene to evacuate in an orderly manner

Safety Maintenance Group—Rescue and escort injured personnel

On-site Security Group—Maintain order at the fire scene

3. Ability to Organize and Guide Personnel Evacuation and Escape

Fire safety officers, fire safety managers, and employees should be familiar with the "Four Familiarizations":

Familiarize yourself with the unit's evacuation routes

Familiarize yourself with the procedure for guiding personnel evacuation

Familiarize yourself with the use of emergency escape facilities

Familiarize yourself with basic fire escape knowledge

First Rule: Be familiar with the environment and remember the exits

Second Rule: Remain calm and evacuate quickly

Third Rule: Guide correctly and evacuate in an orderly manner

Fourth Rule: Do not enter dangerous areas and do not cling to valuables

Fifth Rule: Simple protection, cover your nose and crawl

Sixth Rule: Make good use of passageways and do not enter elevators

Seventh Rule: If the fire has reached you, do not panic

Eighth Rule: Stay in a safe haven and wait for rescue

Ninth Rule: Send out signals and request rescue

Tenth Rule: Slow descent escape, self-rescue with rope

4. Fire Safety Knowledge Publicity, Education, and Training Capability

Fire safety officers, fire safety managers, and employees should master the "Six Understandings"

Master fire laws, regulations, and safe operating procedures

Master the fire hazards and fire prevention measures of the unit and position

Master the use of fire facilities and equipment

Master the skills of alarm, fire fighting, and evacuation and escape

Master the safe evacuation routes and procedures for guiding evacuation

Master the content and operating procedures of the emergency evacuation plan

Employees must pass fire safety training before taking up or changing positions

On-the-job personnel receive annual fire safety education and training